What is time???

We never think about time. if we think we just say leave it. If anybody ask anyone about time that what is time? Some says time is money, some says time flies , some says we waste our time, some says we kill time we murder time but actually no one knows about time. we all know the property of time that it flows like an arrow and travel only in one direction from past to the future.  In scientific way time is the indefinite continued process and event  that occur in apparently irresversible succession from the past through the present to the future in short the flow of time is from past to the future and unidirectional in nature once it goes it will never come back .

As per of the theory of einstein ,black hole theory,quantum mechanics and many more theory it is concluded that time depends on the following factors like-

1) restness and the motion of an object in space
2) on the gravity
3) on distances (depends on distance between the respective object with reference to space)

So these are the major three factors in which the time depends upon.

First, it is found that the motion through space slows the passage of time that means if we are travelling with the speed 30km/hr  with respect to space time passage will be faster than the object moving at speed 60km/hr overall conclusion that if our speed increases the passage of time decreases vice versa but now the question arises if these thing is happening then what is the speed of time ???? Is it fair to use word called speed in case of time?????

Second, if i will say that gravity is itself an function of time yes ,its true its very hard to believe though . Albert einstein the great scientist said that more is the gravity strength slow will be passage of time for example as we know gravity of moon is less than earth so in moon the time will flow faster than earth it also explains about the 3rd factor that time also depends on distance the distance between earth and moon is so less as compared to the whole universe so its very difficult to observe the changes.

Let me give an another example, their are two man named sam and john imagine that sam used to live in the building on 30th floor and john used to live on that same building but at ground floor so generally we know at ground the gravity is more as compared to the distance from the ground so john's time will flow little bit slower as compared to sam and similarly the 3rd factor distance also matter though distance between seems to be neglegible compared to universe system so it didnt shows up.

It's just the history of the universe (or some interesting facts), consisting of events at different times and positions, considered as a four dimensional space. And of course it was always a four-dimensional space in a trivial sense that you needed four variables (x, y, z, t) in relativity it becomes four-dimensional , because you have a measure of distance in it, called Spacetime interval.
Our eye is compatible to only 3 d structures not to 4d. But time remain in the 4 dimension in space.

Now the question arises that is time is an illusion???

If time is an illusion, then how can you assign a mathematical variable to it? Is it normal procedure for physics to assign a physical variable to an illusion? What I mean is, for time to be slower near galaxies than in empty space, time must be real. Only real things can go slower or faster. An illusion cannot go slower or faster. A car can go slower or faster; an illusion cannot. So now even after these the question remains the same what is time?????????

Problem with scientific theory and reality

Before I discuss about the problems that were faced by scientific theories . first I would like to define scientific theory. so scientific theory is a theory which explains about everything through observation, experiments and mathematical calculation. the ancient philosophy and physics was totally on the basis of observation I,e newton/Kepler and all other greatest scientists gave their laws but now a days the scientific theory has reached beyond of our imagination.
Two new theory of science which really became controversial and extends our imagination beyond of our brain capacity. This was really never ever imagined by newton’s throughout his life span the present discovery of science say’s the reality might be working on the principle of relativity or uncertainty. So the question is that how can we believe these facts .it is making us to believe.
The problem with the scientific theory is that it is totally on the basis of ‘observation’ not on ‘participation’. So these two words really makes a difference.
Imagine there are two bags(school bags)(of same sizes same look ) let I assume it as x so if sir will ask me to get that bag . so when the sir will ask me to get that bag the x will strike inside my brain and ripple of waves produced similarly like we are throwing a stone to a river. Then I suddenly realised that sir is asking for the bag then I saw there are two bags near the desk then I was in dilemma with those two bags then finally I took the one bag and gave it to sir but sir said no that he was asking for another  bag which was kept nearer to the bag which i brought
So the sir was observing on the different bag but the x that strikes inside my brain was the different one. So this shows that the observer has different views but the participants has different.

Another example-
If a friend pinch me then I would shout owh…………… he observed that I was in pain but I was the participator he don’t know how much in pain I was in but I know the pain I was in. Similarly it is happening in quantum mechanics we are not electrons we just try to find out the behaviour of electrons by observing it sorry i forgot even we cant observe it we try to understand its peculiar behaviour through our imaginations. the nature is trying to show the different things but we are observing it in different way .we may don’t know the strangeness of nature the reason of the strangeness of nature. Something it may be a force which is hidden to us which makes our nature of life,space and time an illusion. Exploring the secret of universe by many scientists may also be an illusion because it was totally on the basis of mathematical calculation and according to me god doesn’t practice mathematics.

Is reality is real?

Everyday peoples are busy in their works or in their personal lifes they talk to their friends  ,parents ,relatives and many more but if i say really they are talking to them or its just an illusion everything near to us or around to  us are really real or its just an virtual reality or simulated by someone else we call them as god??? Is our friends our relatives or our parents to whom we are talking are real ????
On the beginning of the 19th century which is called as the scietific evolution era  an scientist called max plank came with the radical idea called 'quantum hypothesis' which will  going to shock the whole world this is the theory where all the laws of physics breaks down.
So quantum theory is totally on the basis of atom if the rules of quantum theory applies on atom then it might apply on usquantum theory use some words like
Probability of finding something , uncertainity,spooky relation in the subatomic level so as we know our body is made up of such subatomic particles if these theories might applied to us then what will happen or the behaviour of particles is different in macro and micro level?? But imagine if these principle will be applied on our life then what will happen. If i use the word that probability of finding myself in such position on earth is 90% or 80% what will happen if i use word called uncertainity that i cannt find my position and speed at a single time or if i say their are thousands or even millions or billions of me in different dimentions of universe ??? Thats what spooky relation says the relation between me and my twins or other twins in different dimensions of universe. according to the quantum mechanics the spooky relation between the two similar particles is just in alternate way means for example take a spining wheel which has two colours printed on it one is red and other is yellow so if we spin the wheel if the pointer of one wheel falls on red colour then the other will point on yellow colour vice versa it does not matter wether the spining wheel is keep millions of kilometer distance between themselves the result will be different so does it shows the relationship between matter and antimatter???? Does it applies to our real life ????  .  Now if i will ask you that is reality is real? What will be your answer???

Succession of life(darwin and lamark theory)

  On the basis of succession of life on earth Darwin gave an extraordinary theories to explain why the life is succeeded on the earth yet? He pointed out some of the major factors which are responsible for this succession and he named it as law of variation. So the factors are –

1)variation under domestication
2)variation under nature
3)struggle for existence
4)natural selection (survival of the fittest)

On the basis of the factor he gave the explanation with example

1). variation under domestication

Darwin explains that there are the two factors which are responsible for the changes or variation

1)nature of organism
2)nature of the conditions

He said some of the species even eat the food at the same climatic condition but their offspring are observes as having deviation might be their in hair,skin etc so such deviation of morphological(outer part) and anatomical(inner part) might be due to those two conditions he gave an example of a domestic duck he said if we observe to the domestic duck that their wings bone seems to be very weak but their leg bones are strong but in the case of the wild duck their wings bone are stronger as compared to their legs this is because in the case of domestic duck they have to use their leg more as compared to their wings so their leg get evolve faster than wings but in the case of the wild duck they have to use their wings a lot to fly but they use their leg little bit so that’s why their wing bones seems to be stronger as compared to their leg. So this shows the domestic variation leads to the change in behaviour and way of living of organisms. The variation under domestication became a major factor for the succession of life towards the future.

2) variation under nature

The variation under nature means the variation of organism takes place due to change in the climatic condition ,geological condition. For example- human appendix we can see it in our lower abdomen. In the ancient period it plays a very very vital role in digestion process because in ancient period the human don’t know how to fry the meat what they have captured so human developed the appendix just to digest the meat. But now human are frying the meat before they eat so the appendix became disuse for human though it is thousand years phenomenon (I,e) we don’t notice it similarly many organism have evolve themselves to survive so those organism are able to evolve themselves means their anatomical(internal) and morphological(outer part) according to the change in environment they can only survive and other get extinct and even get disappear.

3)  struggle for existence

The factors that are affecting the existence of living organisms are
1)predator
2)sudden climatic change
3)heredity(phenotype and genotype) traits
As per of the illustration of Darwin the proof was got in 1946 when the population of peppered moth increases in uk . at that time there are two types of moths are their one is dark colour peppered moth and another is colourful peppered moth so in the 1946 due to the industrial revolution in uk in that particular area where the revolution was at it top the pollution increases suddenly so due to pollution the colour of leaf and trees that get blackened so now the predator can not see the blackish or dark moths as they are able hide themselves very easily. But the coloured moths was easily seen by predators so within 10 years the population of dark moths increases in uk but due to the clean air act on 1956 the dark moth became rare again because the black colour dirt that were produced by industry which help black or dark moth to hide themselves from the predator so now when the area was cleaned then the coloured moths are able mix with the natural beauty of nature then the dark peppered moth became rare again . this gives an example of struggle for existence. So as the sudden change in the condition of nature the colourful moth were not ready for it so they became extinct and the population of dark moth increases rapidly and when the environment get clean that produces an reverse effect to their population. So struggle for existence also plays a very vital role in the succession of life on earth.

4) natural selection (survival of the fittest)

As the word come natural selection means the nature has the ability to select the organism who are fittest to this changing environment. Darwin gave an example of natural selection he started observing a same kind of species in the finches island. After some time Darwin observe something strange about the finches peak. He observe that some finches has long peak and some finches have very short peak though they belong to the same species so how it can be possible? Then he observe the both type of finches for several month then he got the answer that the finches who have the small peak they are generally herbivore in nature means they are vegetarian in nature they eat food like leaf, flower etc that’s why they have very small peak even their offspring also have very small peak and the finches who have very long peak they must be non-vegetarian their long peak help them easily to carry fish from the water and even the earthworm that’s why their peak has evolved because it has so use.

Jean Baptist Lamark theory of use and disuse

Lamark further elaborated the Darwin's theory of evolution .lamark famously argued two theory one is use and disuse theory and as I have gave the example before about the human appendix if that particular organ is in use it further evolve if that particular organ is not in use then slowly it get disappear. His second point was he argued that the acquired traits were heritable .examples of what is traditionally called as Lamarckism would include the idea that when giraffes stretch their necks to reach leaves high in trees (especially acacias),they strengthen and gradually lengthen their necks
These giraffes have offspring with slightly longer necks(also known as the ‘soft inheritance’)similarly a blacksmith ,though his work ,strengthens the muscles in his arms, and thus his sons will have similar muscular development when they mature.
So Lamark stated the following laws on the basis of this-

1)first law-in every animal which has not passed the limit of its development , a more frequent and continuous use of any organ gradually strengthens, develops and enlarges that organ, and gives it a power proportional to the length of time it has been so used ; while the permanent disuse of organ imperceptibly weakens and deteriorates it, and progressively diminishes its functional capacity, until it finally disappears.

2)second law-all the acquisitions or the losses wrought by nature on individuals, through the influence of the environment in which their race has long been placed, and hence through the influence of the predominant use or permanent disuse of any organ ; all these are preserved by the reproduction to the new individuals which arises, provided that the acquired modifications are common to both sexes, or at least to the individuals which produces the young ones.
So, a change in the environment brings about change in ‘needs’ ,resulting in change in behaviour ,bringing change in organ usage and development ,bringing change in form over time ,and thus the gradual transmutation of the species takes place.
So this was all about how the life got the licence for the retention of the organism in earth.

DNA or RNA structure about life

Lets study about DNA and RNA to know the details that from where the life has came from.
When the first self-replicating organism was formed its molecule was made up of RNA , a close cousin of DNA . RNA(ribo oxy nucleic acid) is a single strand nucleic acid made up of phosphate ,ribose sugar and nitrogen base. The idea has always had a huge problem , though there was not even a chance of formation of RNA molecules from primordial earth. And if RNA molecules couldn’t form spontaneously, how could self replicating RNA molecules arises ? did some other replicator come first? If so, what was that? The answer was really twisting the question.
When biologist jump into the question that how life arose? This question seems to be more baffling… today what all are the organisms we see around us is because of the hard work of protein . proteins can twist ,fold itself into wild diversity of shapes, they can also perform as enzymes also. Protein also help in the catalysing(speed up) the chemical reaction in the body of living organism. Whatever it is but the information which are used in making protein is stored in DNA molecules so we cann’t make new protein without DNA and even we can not make new DNA without protein so now the question is that who came first DNA or protein?
The discovery in the 1960s that RNA could fold like a protein , albeit note such complex structures , suggested an answer . if RNA could catalyse reactions as well as storing information , so some RNA molecules might have capable of making more RNA molecules. And if that was the case , then RNA replicators would have had no need for proteins. They could do everything by themselves.
It was an good imaginary idea but at that time no one shows that RNA could catalyse reactions like protein enzymes until 1982, after many researches it RNA enzymes were discovered in Thomas cech of the university of Colorado in boulder found it in tetrahymena thermophile ,a bizzare single- celled animal with seven sexes.
People start discovering more RNA enzymes in the animals and even created in labs so this proves that RNA does not need protein for further its catalysis process so now the question arises what is the use of protein in the RNA?? It is believed that RNA is the first complex molecules of life.
There are many question about RNA still disturbing people a lot one of it that RNA hypothesis give an evidence that the elements like boron, molybdenum and oxygen these are essential for the initial production of RNA molecules. But this is found more abundant in mars than the earth so something might wrong have happened to mars that life can not rose up in mars so that’s why scientist believe that the life might have come from extraterrestrial origin through meteorite near mars. And they called it as meteor ejections.
Now a day’s RNA is replace by DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) which is evolved through RNA . as per of of the Darwin theory of natural selection that a organism can only survive in the environment if its body is adaptive to the changing natural condition . the early earth condition are not similar to right now condition so the organism have capability to self replicate itself to evolve their shape ,size ,metabolic activity and even reproduction.
The complexity of chemical reaction give rise to an life. But the question is how everything in the earth is for living but in other planet it is not? No one knows how to answer this . if I imagine in the scientific way that main root cause of life let we start from the main component of life I,e water so the water is the main component of life. So from where this water came from the answer is that because of heavy rain so the question arises that from where the rain has came from the answer is that rain came from the cloud so now the question arises how the cloud is formed? The answer is that the cloud is formed from the evaporation of water so now the question is that how the evaporation of water takes place ? the answer is the evaporation of water takes place through the heat of sun. so now question arises from what the sun is made from and from where it came from? So the answer will be that it is made up of with the combination of nuclear fusion of hydrogen and helium. And it came from the big bang so now the question arises how the big bang takes place? The answer will be that it is due to instability and fluctuation takes place in particle which causes big bang now the question arises from where the big bang particle came from ? this is the question which most of the scientist can’t answer their head goes down when this question were asked . so this remain as the unsolved mistry. Again what is life ??

Miller's and urey theory of life

If someone try to find out the defination of life he/she must look after the miller's and urey experiment . As it was explained by oparin and haldane that thr life occur inside an primordial soup or any closed environment but he just imagined he was not able to explain it properly  In 1952 miller and urey performed an great experiment in laboratory which really stunned the biologist. Miller and urey’s experiment is an chemical experiment in which they simulated the early earth condition in the laboratory and verified the alexander oparin and Haldane hypothesis . millers and urey experiment beautifully explained about how the organic compound can be synthesised from simpler inorganic precursors. This experiment considered as the classical experiment in the abiogenesis.
In miller –urey experiment a mixture of water, hydrogen ,methane and ammonia was cycled through an apparatus that delivered electrical sparks to the mixtures then after 1 week they observe that about 10 to 15 % of the carbon in the system was now in the form of racemic mixture of organic compounds, include amino acid which are generally the building blocks of protein. As our body is made up of organic compounds so this experiment provide an great interpretation of arrival of life.

This provided an direct experimental support to the oparin and Haldane theory. But till now the scientific theory is not end the scientist are still struggling in the lab to create an protocell in the laboratory.
This was the first hypothesis about how the life arises. But some scientists argued that there are the two probability of having the beginning of life.

1)terrestrial origin- as on the surface of the earth (I have explained above about primordial soup)

2) extraterrestrial origin- it means the life might have arrived from outside of our planet .some scientists also got the evidences of organic molecules in the asteroids and meteorites that is floating in space so they are imagining that other than oparin hypothesis the asteroid and meteorites might have falled down to the surface of earth during its early age . and then self replication takes place and even autocatalyst help to increase chemical reaction in their body and help them to increase the metabolism activity in their body and leads to the formation of complex organism.
But till now the terrestrial origin is highly approved theory in biology. But does it give the full explanation about life though we are not able to make a single proto cell in the lab :(

Alexander oparin and haldane theory of life

In 1924 Alexander oparin put forward an explanation about the life that in the early earth would be not same as today so pre-existing organism will consume any spontaneous occur organism. Then the succession of life will become impossible so he explains that everything happened inside a ‘primordial soup’ of organic molecules have been created in the oxygenless environment through the action of sunlight and even the thunderstorm these organic molecules would combine in even more complex form until they form coacervate droplets. These droplets would grow by fusion with other droplets and formed amino acid and further differentiate to form organism and they reproduce through fission and produce daughter cell and the first primitive respiration takes place through their body which further promote the ‘cell integrity’. And further save them from getting extinct. This was considered as the great hypothetical discovery in the study of abiogenesis(the origin of species). 

So haldane the great scientist tried to expand oparin theory and came to these conclusions-
1)The early earth has chemically reducing atmosphere (oxygenless atmosphere).
2) The atmosphere exposed to energy in various form and produce simple organic compounds (‘monomers’) and they even combine to form amino acid later with the very complex process and they held together by the peptide bond between themselves).
So the whole conclusion is that the ultimate life arises from a primordial soup.
Now the problem is that it is just an hypothesis we need some proof .
So now the question remains same what is life???  :(

Aristotle theory of life

The definition of life is still not found but 2200 yrs back the father of biology Aristotle the philosopher and the teacher of the alexander the great was passionated about the life and on the basis of that he gave his theory ‘spontaneous life’.
He explains that as the word come spontaneous means it happens all of a sudden with the condition of the environment. He gave an example – flies arises from putrid matter, mice from dirty hay etc.
But this theory became controversial when Francesco redi showed that no maggots were appeared in meat when flies were prevented from laying eggs .
And in 1861 louis Pasteur performed a series of experiments that demonstrated that organisms such as bacteria and fungi do not spontaneously appear in sterile, nutrients –rich media, but could only appear by invasion from without.(conversion of milk to curd) he said this is how might be life starts but it doesn't explain the full concept that how life starts???? So now the question remains same what is life??